A primer on biblical literary structure

The Bible reads differently
when you see how it was built

Most people read the Bible linearly, and it reads differently when you see how it was built. Its authors composed it in two dimensions — as woven tables where meaning emerges from the intersection of rows and columns, not from sequence alone. Full scholarly analysis at chaver.com.

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כַּכָּתוּב as it was written
GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomy
Questions answered here
01Why does Genesis seem to tell the creation story twice? 02Why does the Bible use two different names for God? 03What are the Ten Commandments really about? 04Why are there ten plagues — and why in that order? 05Why is Leviticus so hard to read — and what is it actually about? 06Who wrote the Bible — and does the Documentary Hypothesis hold up? 07Are the apparent contradictions in the Bible really contradictions? 08Is there an overall structure to the Five Books of Moses?
The research

This site is a primer for the research of Moshe Kline, an independent biblical scholar based in Jerusalem. Over four decades, Kline identified 86 literary units across the Five Books of Moses, each composed as a two-dimensional woven table. Published in the Journal of Biblical Literature, Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, and SBL Press.

The complete structured Torah, commentaries, and datasets are freely available at chaver.com.

About the research →